Torque is Raceproof's research publication.Data journalism on cycling performance.

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How Much Racing Is Enough?
Fitness development, averaged across all seven thresholds, peaks at three race sessions per week. Beyond that, the response reshapes: threshold and VO2max keep climbing while sprint power declines.
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Three articles, in reading order.
EVERY ARTICLE
01How Much Racing Is Enough?Fitness development, averaged across all seven thresholds, peaks at three race sessions per week. Beyond that, the response reshapes: threshold and VO2max keep climbing while sprint power declines.READ →
02What's Your FTP in Minutes?Your FTP is the watts at your threshold. It has never told you how long that threshold lasts. PTA measures that duration, calls it Offset, and shows what each ride does to it.READ →
03What Power Alone Can't Tell YouOne athlete, two Seats, ten months.READ →
04Your FTP Is a SeatYou already read one threshold's power and call it FTP. PTA measures that same number at seven thresholds, then adds the dimension FTP never had: time.READ →
05How to Read a SeatPower and Offset, and why they are read together.READ →
06Model DepthWhat each wearable platform measures about thresholds.READ →
07LoomLoom renders athletic development as color and light. Each day becomes a column of color. Your season becomes a textile.READ →
08The Racing EffectCompetitive cycling is associated with measurable, compounding fitness gains that non-competitive participation is not. Observational analysis across 145,000 riders.READ →
09The Shape of the HeatHow event structure, participation patterns, and seasonal rhythms define the landscape of competitive cycling on Zwift.READ →
FOR RIDERSYour Seats, from the riding you already record.Connect Strava or Garmin, or upload FIT files.JOIN THE WAITLIST
FOR COACHES AND TEAMSFourteen coordinates per rider, where FTP gives you one.TELL US YOU'RE INTERESTED
FOR RESEARCHERS AND PRESSA new measurement model for cycling, and the research behind it.[email protected] →